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- Encryption Passwords In Java Property Files Download
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- Encrypting Passwords In Java Property Files
- Encrypting Password In Configuration String
- Encrypting File System Windows 10
Encrypting Passwords in Configuration Files ‹ Application Security up Configuring CSRF Prevention › In JasperReports® Server version 5.5 or later, administrators can obfuscate passwords that appear in the configuration files. A Properties files is a human readable way to store a Map. If you don't want it to be be human readable, it doesn need to be a properties file. One way to have a proeprties file with encrypted data is to encrypt the values of particular fields and use base 64 to turn them into text. Encrypting application configuration files. Jasypt offers support for encrypted application configuration in three different ways:.properties files: Jasypt provides the org.jasypt.properties.EncryptableProperties class for loading, managing and transparently decrypting encrypted values in.properties files. To retrieve the original value from an encrypted string, you need to use a secret key habitually stored in a different location than the user/password file. In this scenario, a process gets its user and password from a properties file. The password is crypted, the process uses a 'key' stored in a different secure location to decrypt the password. Encrypting Passwords in Configuration Files. Encrypting Configuration Passwords on Enterprise Servers. Most enterprise servers, like JBoss, Glassfish, WebSphere, and WebLogic, have proprietary ways to set up password encryption. You might have to install 'Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files' from the Oracle site for your Java. Secure solutions to encrypt / decrypt passwords in property files [duplicate]. Browse other questions tagged java spring encryption jasypt or ask your own question. 2 years, 11 months ago. Encrypting passwords in Crypto property files.
My workplace has a standard that plaintext passwords are not allowed in application configuration files. This makes enough sense on its face, in case someone gets access to the config files they don't automatically have access to all the privileges of that application. In some cases it's possible and obviously preferable to have access associated with the login or otherwise avoid having a password, such as in Windows Security for SQL Server authentication, or have it configured in a third party location, such as JDBC configuration in a J2EE environment, but this is not always possible.
- When I must have a password in a configuration file, what level of encryption should it carry?
- How do you deal with the fact that the encryption key for the password has to be either hard coded or stored in yet another config file?
- Should the encryption keys for password be human readable?
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5 Answers
So the following was a bit too long for a comment..
Perhaps taking one step back and comparing benefits of preventative and detective controls might help. Preventative controls include encryption but you could also encode the password to make it less obvious. This approach is meant to protect the password from accidental sharing (a b32 encoding would produce less meaningful characters (b32 produces longer string than b64). Such an approach just increases the difficulty of memorizing the random sequence of numbers as well as the method that should be used to decode the string. Base32/64 encoding is a simple way of protecting passwords that do not require additional logic to be built/maintained.
The other approaches to preventative controls would likely use encryption. There are many different ways to protect the key. Without getting into the details or reiterating what D.W. already posted, you can layer detective controls to improve the security posture. For example, you can audit access to a file that contains the key. You can correlate events (such as restarting of server/service) with access to the key file. Any other access request (successful or not) to the key file could indicate abnormal activity.
To get to your questions, here's my take:
Encryption Passwords In Java Property Files Download
if you have to store password in a config file, I'd recommend at least encoding the password where possible. Encoding the password would reduce the chance that it's leaked in the event someone scrolls through the file, say with a vendor support rep watching. Encrypting the password is much safer, but that requires additional complexity.
How to deal with the fact that a key has to be hard coded or stored in another file. Well, separating the encryption key in another file increases the difficulty for someone to view the key. For example, you can use access control to limit access to the key file but still maintain a more open ACL for the config file. Similarly, you can implement auditing for access to the key file, which you can use to correlate back to events that require use of key. Hard coding the key may be fine if you limit access to the binary. Careful encoding of password can easily be detected by running a 'strings' against the binary. You can encode/encrypt the hard coded password (i.e. require a separate function (perhaps with auditing) when to decode the password, but that increases the complexity for the developer and admin (i.e. how does one change the key without rebuilding/recompiling the binary?).
Should the encryption keys for password be human readable? It depends. There's only a limited number of ways to protect the key. An encryption key is usually seen as an alphanumeric string that's hard to commit to to memory. You can always encode/encrypt the key, but such methods doesn't deter someone that's smart enough to take a screen shot. However, you can use simple 'keys' (more like passwords) as input to a key expansion function. In those instances, perhaps additional measures such as encoding adds some additional value relative to the cost of complexity.
If anything, a good approach is to implement multiple layers of controls. Preventative controls are more difficult while detective controls are generally easier to implement. Separating key files could simplify the overall architecture and implementation of controls. Regardless of whether preventative or detective controls are used, enabling some auditing functions is a must along with review of audit logs. This way, should the improbable happen (access to key), you can take corrective action.
bangdangbangdang
If you are running a server that needs a password for access to some remote service, then there's no good solution. Storing the password in a configuration file stored in a suitable location is probably making the best of a set of poor choices.
The choices are: have a user enter in the password at boot time (this is bad, because if your server gets rebooted, now the server is unreachable until a person can physically walk up to the server and enter the password); hardcode the password into the source code of the server code (this is much worse than putting it in a configuration file); or store the password in a configuration file (the least bad of all options). The main thing to watch out for with the configuration file, is to make sure it is stored outside of your web root and that its file permissions are locked down appropriately.
Encrypting the password that's stored in the configuration file doesn't help, because now where do you store the decryption key? You've just shifted the problem around. 'It's turtles all the way down' is not an acceptable response.
On Windows, another option you might look at is storing the password in DPAPI. This helps a little bit for desktop applications, but is not very useful for unattended servers.
For more, read the following questions on this site:Store a password to avoid user interaction,where to store a key for encryption,How do open source projects handle secure artifacts?,How can I decrypt data with Java, without hard-coding the key?,Password in file .php,Where do I securely store the key for a system where the source is visible?.
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P.S. In principle, you could use a TPM to store the password -- but in practice, this gets you into bleeding-edge issues, so it's probably not viable for most folks.
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D.W.D.W.85.2k2222 gold badges233233 silver badges506506 bronze badges
Store the password in a (non-session) O/S user environment variable, and run the program as that user.
Advantages:
- You will never accidentally check the password into source control because there's no file to check in.
- If you screw up file permissions on your config file (which never happens right?), your passwords are not compromised
- Can only be read by user or root (same as a config file, same as a private key protecting an encrypted file)
- If you're encrypting the file, how are you securing your key?
- Clear your envvars before starting new processes though, as they may be passed through
One advantage to an HSM is that while user or root can use the HSM to decrypt a value, they can never get the key inside it.
Neil McGuiganNeil McGuigan3,00411 gold badge1010 silver badges1919 bronze badges
Local password storage is a long issue i was dealing with.since encryption wont be bulletproof, but may help,there are few other options:
- store passwords on the local machine in a new file (which will be better to be encrypted as well) and restrict access to the file
- store passwords in another server, who will be authenticating through OAUTH or other authentication service - check out tahoe-lafs: https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs
- using encrypted local service who stores passwords, and access it using Certificate
- some organizations store its passwords as registry keys or with DPAPI - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms995355.aspx
- using OTP using account management service
- using proxy server to access confidential data and restrict access to the proxy
.
and for your questions:
When I must have a password in a configuration file, what level of encryption should it carry?
you never have to have passwords in your code, but it is the easiest way and the most insecure.
How do you deal with the fact that the encryption key for the password has to be either hard coded or stored in yet another config file?
using access restrictions and monitoring the file
Should the encryption keys for password be human readable? if you mean strong and human readable passwords, there is no problem at all
Sergey MalychSergey Malych
My 2 cents here is that, for perfect security, you would want the application to be able to do something (read a password) that an attacker on the physical machine with the same privileges shouldn't be able to do, which seems a contradiction.
At best you could obfuscate the password in the configuration (Base64, key somewhere on the computer, etc..)
Nicolas CNicolas C
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Typical Java backend applications need to integrate with existing 3rd party services. In most cases, calls to these 3rd party services are authenticated. Frequently, Java applications are required to use login credentials for authenticated calls: A username and a password.
This scenario raises a problem: How can we store the password needed for calling the 3rd party service? We could store it in a properties file, but then everyone with access to the properties file learns the password. We could provide the password as a command line parameter or environment variable, but then everyone with access to the startup script learns the password. We could hard-code it in our application, but then everyone with access to the JAR file learns the password. We could encrypt the password using a master key, but then we have the same problem again: How to store the master key?
The common solution is to use a secure data store provided by the operating system. Our application runs on Windows Server, so we use the Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) for protecting our secret passwords. This blog post shows how to use the DPAPI in Java applications.
windpapi4j
There are a few Java wrappers for the Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) available. We went with peter-gergely-horvath/windpapi4j, because it’s simple, only a few lines of code, and it’s available on GitHub under the LGPL license.
Encrypting Passwords In Java Property Files
windpapi4j is available as a Maven dependency:
The API is very easy to use:
![Encrypting Passwords In Java Property Files Encrypting Passwords In Java Property Files](/uploads/1/2/6/4/126443979/844369035.png)
The output of the example code on Windows would be:
We can now store the encrypted string in our properties file, and call
decrypt()
in our application to get the secret data.Which key does Windows use to encrypt our data?
As you might have noticed, we call
encrypt()
and decrypt()
without providing the encryption key. The key is managed by the Windows operating system and not by our Java application.Windows uses a randomly generated master key to protect the data. The master key is encrypted with the user’s login password and stored in the user profile. When the user changes the login password, Windows automatically re-encrypts the master keys. Additionally, Windows keeps a “credential history” in the user profile so that it can restore data even if updating the master key failed.
The application must run under the same user who encrypted the data. Only then can our application
decrypt()
the data from the properties file. If the application runs under another user, the data cannot be decrypted. If the application runs on another machine, the data cannot be decrypted unless the same user profile is available on the other machine.How to maintain the properties file
Our application is implemented as follows: When the administrator installs the application and starts it for the first time, he must create a configuration with the plain text password. The application then generates a properties file containing the encrypted version of these passwords. Once this is done, the administrator may delete the plain text configuration. Now the application runs using the generated properties file, and the plain text passwords are no longer stored anywhere on the machine.
Encrypting Password In Configuration String
TL;DR
The Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) provides a convenient way of protecting secret data. The encrypted data can be stored in a Java properties Carenado sr22 manual. file. A Java application can read the properties file and call the DPAPI to decrypt the data. The Java application does not need to maintain the encryption keys, as this is done by the Windows operating system.
Encrypting File System Windows 10
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